disk brakes
Disk brakes represent a crucial advancement in braking technology, serving as a fundamental safety component in modern vehicles. These sophisticated systems operate through the interaction of brake pads and a metal disc, known as the rotor, which is attached to the wheel. When the brake pedal is engaged, hydraulic pressure forces the brake pads to clamp onto the rotor, creating friction that effectively slows or stops the vehicle. The system's design incorporates various components including calipers, which house the brake pads, brake lines that carry hydraulic fluid, and rotors engineered from durable materials like cast iron or carbon-ceramic composites. Modern disk brakes often feature ventilated rotors with internal cooling vanes that help dissipate heat during intensive braking scenarios. This advanced braking system finds widespread application across various vehicles, from everyday passenger cars to high-performance sports vehicles, commercial trucks, and motorcycles. The technology has evolved to include electronic enhancements such as Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) and Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD), further improving safety and performance.